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12/02/2015: The importance of preserving aquaculture experience and insight

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First published in International Aquafeed, January - February 2015
 
The Aquaculture Communications Group, LLC (ACG) has launched a project to capture the experience of pioneering and veteran aquaculture industry members in their own words while there is still time. Many of this generation are either retiring or have retired/passed away.

The modern global aquaculture industry is almost 50 years old, which means that those who were the early entrepreneurs are now approaching or have reached the end of their working lives.

http://issuu.com/international_aquafeed/docs/iaf1501_w1/13

ACG believes it is of great importance to preserve as much of these veterans´ stories as possible before they are lost to history. It is important for current and future generations practicing aquaculture to be able to go back and learn from history in order to build an even better future.

“Aquaculture is full of colorful and spirited, intelligent and persevering individuals that have learned so much from the school of hard knocks; we must capture their experience in their own words before it is too late,” said Tor-Eddie Fossbakk, Founding Partner of ACG.

To date ACG has interviewed and recorded the stories of nineteen pioneers and industry veterans from around the world using high definition video and posted them on the ACG website.

Common for most of the interviewees is how the industry developed from low tech solutions, often engineered on site, to today´s high tech and sophisticated solutions. The early days of ‘trial and error’ have been replaced by solutions based on science, research and development.

“We were interested in finding out how or why these people became interested in an industry most people had never heard of,” Mr Fossbakk said.

“For many of them the answer was short, Jacques Cousteau”.

Their interest was born while watching Cousteau’s television shows while growing up.

The project should also have a wider audience than just the global fish farming community. The general public will find many of the interviews and the stories being told of great interest to understand where the industry started, how it has developed, and all the hard work that has been put into building it to what it is today.

Mr Fossbakk said that this first round of interviews was self-funded by ACG because the company strongly believe in the importance of the project. However, in order to continue recording interviews and bringing them not only to the aquaculture community but also to the general public, ACG needs financial assistance from corporations, institutions, organisations and individuals who share the vision.

Learning from the people that helped build the modern aquaculture industry will enable current and future generations to be better equipped to succeed.

Please contact Mr Fossbakk (tor-eddie@aquacomgroup.com) should you want to contribute to this very interesting and important project.


Read the magazine HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

13/02/2015: Welsh fish restaurant opens on site of old public toilets

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Could this fish restaurant in Aberystwyth, Wales, be any more conveniently located?

Once home to public toilets for beachgoers and shoppers on the seafront, a dramatic transformation will see it open as the town’s only specialist fish eatery, serving up fish caught within a stone’s throw of its doors, Wales Online reports.
 

http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/now-thats-convenient-location-fish-8637768

Set with the stunning backdrop of the shoreline, and once having been used by fisherman to store their catch, the new cafe bar called Pysgoty (fish house) hopes to benefit from its ideal seaside location.

Fishmonger Craig Edwards and his wife Rhiannon, a chef, are behind the plans to convert the old block, serving up fish caught by local fishermen.

The project has been welcomed by locals as a first-class example of regeneration of old town buildings and of a sustainable business model.

“We’d had plans to open our own restaurant for some time, it was just a case of finding the right location,” said Craig, who used to run a hotel restaurant but trained as a fishmonger two-and-a-half years ago.

“This place couldn’t be any better located. Having a fish restaurant right next to the sea is just ideal, and the idea is that we can serve up the freshest fish you can find, cooked simply and making the best of local produce.”
 
http://www.walesonline.co.uk/news/wales-news/now-thats-convenient-location-fish-8637768

He said the building will be transformed into a relaxed and casual cafe bar with an affordable menu.

“We want to make the best of the produce but also make this somewhere that is inviting and affordable to everyone. Of course there will be more expensive dishes like lobster but generally this will be a place where you can sit outside with the dog and tuck into your favourite fish.”

He said he hoped the quirky history of the building would create a great talking point.

“When the toilets here closed quite a few years ago, they were replaced by new conveniences 50 yards away,” said Craig.

It means, ironically, that customers wanting to use the toilet will have to use the public loos just a few steps away.

“We won’t have any toilets here, we can make the most of what is essentially quite a modest space. The idea is that we have decking outside for almost 40 covers, with space for around 16-20 covers inside.”

The couple, who also recently took over a local fishmongers, last week began the transformation, which should see Pysgoty open by Easter.

Aberystwyth County Councillor Ceredig Davies welcomed the venture.

“It will be great to see such a restaurant located right next to the harbour and will literally see fish being brought straight from boat to plate.

“It is so wonderful to see this kind of proactive development and we are delighted.”


Read the article HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

13/02/2015: Lethal testing for viruses in ornamental fish postponed after complaints by pet industry

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The Australian aquarium industry is celebrating a small win as the Department of Agriculture delays the introduction of new highly criticised testing for imported ornamental fish, ABC News reports.

On Thursday the department emailed the Pet Industry Association of Australia (PIAA) announcing the new requirements that were due to come into effect on March 1 would be postponed for one year.

The proposed requirements stipulated fish belonging to the gourami, cichlid and poeciliid families - which include Siamese fighting fish, paradise fish and angelfish - must be tested for a subgroup of Megalocytivirus called gourami iridovirus prior to export to Australia.
 

http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-13/virus-testing-for-ornamental-fish-delayed-after-backlash/6090946

Currently the only option for testing is called batch testing in which a sample from each shipment of fish is killed then tested for the virus.

If the tested fish are clear, the remainder will be released for shipment.

Chris Rout, the owner of Boronia Aquarium, says prices will rise dramatically or fish simply will not be ordered when the changes take effect.

He says this will lead to considerable degradation of the quality of fish in Australia and fewer exotic species available.

He says many Australians are now at risk of losing their jobs as aquarium keepers due to the new regulations.

"If things get really bad we will have to close," Mr Rout said.

"If the Government decided they were going to kill half of every litter of kittens to see if they had cat flu, there would be a huge public uproar.

"There should be the same concern for our fish."

Australia is the only country to require lethal testing for a virus for aquarium fish, says veterinarian Dr Robert Jones.

Batch testing is based on statistics. For example, if you want to import 20 fish, 19 will need to be killed and if they test negative, the remaining one can be imported.

For 100 fish to be imported, 43 to 67 will need to be killed. For 1000 fish to be imported, 55 to 136 will need to be killed.

Initial estimates suggest each batch test, no matter what species of fish, will cost the wholesaler $2000 to conduct, making fish four times as expensive for consumers, Dr Jones said.

The department's spokesperson said they were aware batch testing was cost-prohibitive and impractical, which was why they encouraged exporting countries to conduct source population surveillance which takes more time to establish.

"We have received information that a laboratory in one of the exporting countries has initiated a research project to develop a suitable non-lethal testing for health certification purposes," the spokesperson said.

"The department is also encouraging the development of other testing methods, for example gill tissue biopsy and faecal sampling."

However Dr Jones says alternatives like gill biopsies are difficult to implement on ornamental fish due to some species being only three centimetres in length.
Delayed implementation

The department said they decided to delay the new import conditions due to requests from international trading partners and the Australian aquarium industry which expressed concerns about establishing new laboratory testing and potential disruption in trade.

Dr Jones says the PIAA, of which he is a board member, is delighted about the one-year extension after lengthy campaigning.

"The period of implementation was just too short as the testing had to be set up by overseas countries," Dr Jones said.

He said six months' notice of these offshore testing requirements was not enough time for the five main countries - Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Sri Lanka and Thailand.

"If the new testing had started on March 1, the aquarium industry would have almost come to a halt."

Within the next 12 months, the department is asking ornamental importers to take part in on-arrival trials by providing fish samples to test for gourami iridovirus.

The department will pay all costs associated with laboratory testing and importers will be able to find out which exporters are sending fish that are free of gourami iridovirus.

Importers are also urged to tell the department how the new conditions could affect their business so conditions to minimise financial impacts may be considered.
 
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-02-13/virus-testing-for-ornamental-fish-delayed-after-backlash/6090946

For example, if the tests suggest low risk associated with a particular exporter sample sizes may be adjusted.
Risk of disease outbreak

Many campaigning against these testing measures argued gourami iridovirus did not present a high enough risk as it was not recognised as a disease of significance by the World Organisation for Animal Health.

"The risk is minimal. We are the only country in the world that is worried about it," Dr Jones said.

"Testing done in the past six months indicated a lower level of infection than what was expected."

There has only been one outbreak of gourami iridovirus which was in 2003 on a Victorian Murray cod farm due to the illegal practice of feeding gourami fish to the broodstock, combined with inappropriately high water temperature which induced heat stress, leaving the Murray cod more susceptible to disease.

Although the virus did not escape the farm and was fully contained, the outbreak prompted the Government's current testing requirements.

"There has never been a serious disease outbreak in Australian native fish in our waterways due to the importation of aquarium fish into Australia," Dr Jones said.

The Department of Agriculture said that although most ornamental fish never have contact with the wild environment, the risk of potential contact meant the virus was identified as a significant biosecurity threat which as a World Trade Organisation (WTO) member they were entitled to protect against.


Read the article HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

13/02/2015: Fishy alternative to a bandage – the healing power of tilapia

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The days of dressing a wound with bandages could be numbered after scientists discovered a more effective method – using fish, the Daily Mail reports.

Collagen-rich fibres from the tilapia fish were found to boost skin growth on wounds faster than normal dressings.
 

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2951619/Fishy-alternative-bandage-Fibres-tilapia-species-boost-skin-growth-faster-rate-normal-dressings.html

The dinner-table alternative to cod is plentiful, cheap and boneless. Now it seems they also carry magical healing properties too, thanks to collagen, a protein usually associated with non-surgical cosmetic treatment.

Experts at Shanghai University have said it 'could be a good candidate for clinical use' after successful animal trials.

Collagen is found in many animals and is known to promote healthy skin growth - which is why it is often used as a celebrity beauty treatment.

But collagen from mammals like cows and pigs has been found to be dangerous because it can pass on infections from animal to human. However, tilapia collagen is 'benign'.

Rats treated with the fish dressing saw their wounds heal faster than those with more traditional dressings with no side effects or allergic reactions.

The plentiful fish, nicknamed 'the chicken of the sea' as it can be cooked and prepared in so many differernt ways, is found naturally in sea and fresh water and is successfully farmed in all climates, from Vietnam to Lincolnshire.

It is fast replacing varieties of fish whose numbers are becoming scarce in the wild, particularly in America where it is now one of the top five fish dishes in the country.
 

Read the article HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

BOC company profile

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http://www.boconline.co.uk/en/processes/water-treatment-applications/oxygenation-for-aquaculture/oxygenation-for-aquaculture.html

BOC  is a member of the Linde group,a world-leading supplier of industrial, process and speciality gases and is one of the most profitable engineering companies. Linde products and services can be found in nearly every industry, in more than 100 countries. A success story that began with the separation of air.

Fish welfare is a constant concern. Maintaining proper oxygen levels is important to the immune system of fish and leads to stable production and economic benefits for the farmer.

The right oxygen level for optimal fish growth depends on species, size, feeding rate, activity level and water temperature.

Oxygen transfer rate into water is greater with pure oxygen than with air, significantly reducing pumping energy and avoiding the risk of super saturation.

Increased saturation levels offer improved fish welfare and increased growth. In closed or recycled systems, increased saturation levels are essential for fish survival.

The use of pure oxygen is technically and economically superior to simple aeration - the advantages more than compensate for the extra cost.

The SOLVOX® range optimises dissolution of oxygen in water, distribution of oxygenated water to the fish, and allows dose adjustment for smooth and reliable operation. It’s suitable for all types of aquaculture facilities; whether fresh water or salt water plants, land-based or sea cages.


Visit the website HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

13/02/2015: Microalgae as an ingredient in aquafeeds

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Inclusion of microalgae in diets for gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.) juveniles and the effect on intestinal functionality

by Antonio Vizcaíno, María Isabel Sáez, Tomás Martínez
and Javier Alarcón, LifeBioencapsulation SL Almería, Spain


First published in International Aquafeed, January - February 2015
 

Fishmeal is currently the main source of protein utilised in carnivorous fish feeding but overexploitation of fisheries combined with growing demand has caused its price to rise continuously. Consequently, future expansion of aquaculture production based on the use of fishmeal as a major ingredient for aquafeeds will be unsustainable.
 

http://issuu.com/international_aquafeed/docs/iaf1501_w1/14Plant protein sources such as soybean meal, rapeseed meal, corn gluten meal or wheat gluten are commonly used as ingredients in commercial aquafeeds. However such protein ingredients often contain anti-nutritional factors that can have negative effects on the digestive tract of fish (Santigosa et al., 2008; Merrifield et al., 2009).

Microalgae as an ingredient in aquafeeds
In this regard, and owing to their chemical composition, microalgae appear as a promising alternative for enhancing the nutritive value of conventional feeds and for use, at least partially, as a substitute for fishmeal (Lupatch, 2009).

In general microalgae contain a protein level ranging from 30-55 percent DM; about 13-33 percent DM total lipids, with considerable amounts of highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFA) which are indispensable in fish nutrition; and high vitamin content. They are also rich in pigments such as chlorophylls, carotenoids and phycobiliproteins (Vizcaino et al., 2014).

Microalgae therefore stand out as a promising protein source for aquaculture and thus might well reduce the ecological impacts associated with current fishmeal-based intensive fish farming if sufficient quantities of algal biomass become available at a suitable price (Shields and Lupatch, 2012).

Uses of Scenedesmus almeriensis microalgae in fish
In a recent study we evaluated the effect of inclusion of Scenedesmus almeriensis microalgae as a dietary ingredient on intestinal proteolytic activity of juvenile sea bream. Scenedesmus is a native microalga and it was chosen in the present study owing to its high protein content, fatty acid profile with substantial amounts of linolenic acid, 18:3(n-3), and remarkable productivity.
 

http://issuu.com/international_aquafeed/docs/iaf1501_w1/14
Biomass was obtained from the facilities at the Estación Experimental Las Palmerillas–Fundación Cajamar (Almería, Spain). The Scenedesmus alga was cultivated in a large-scale tubular photobioreactor. The algal biomass was harvested using a RINA continuous centrifuge (Riera Nadeu SA, Spain) then frozen, freeze-dried and finally milled to obtain a homogenised powder (<100 µm) that was stored in the dark at −20 °C until use.

Dry algal biomass was incorporated into four experimental diets (40 percent crude protein and 10 percent crude lipid) at increasing levels (12, 20, 25 and 39 percent). A feed without Scenedesmus served as a control diet. Feeds were made at the University of Almeria-CEIA3 facilities (Service of Experimental Diets; http://www.ual.es/stecnicos_spe).

Every experimental feed was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of fifteen sea bream juveniles (8.0 g initial body weight). Fish were fed by hand twice per day (9:00 and 13:00) at a rate of 3 percent of their body weight over 45 days. At the end of the trial, fish were killed according to the requirements of the Directive 2010/63/UE, and the digestive tract was removed and processed to obtain enzymatic extracts. Digestive enzymes’ activity levels were differentiated in two groups: total alkaline protease, trypsin, chymotrypsin and α-amylase activity levels were used as indicators of digestive capacity, while leucine aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase activity levels were used as indicators of intestinal absorptive capacity.
 
http://issuu.com/international_aquafeed/docs/iaf1501_w1/16
In order to visualise the active proteases present in intestinal extracts of fish fed on different experimental feeds, substrate-SDS-PAGE electrophoresis gels were carried out (Alarcón et al., 1998). In addition, the presence of protease inhibitors in SA was tested according to Alarcón et al. (1999).

Possible impacts of the different diets on the ultrastructure of the intestinal mucosa were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), giving information about the length and diameter of the microvilli. The intestines of three fish from each tank were collected for examination and TEM samples were prepared according to Vizcaino et al. (2014).

Effect of SA on digestive enzyme activities of sea bream
The ability of fish to use the ingested nutrients depends on the presence of an adequate set of digestive enzymes. Hence, knowledge on nutrient hydrolysis in the digestive tract is an important factor in optimising fish feeds (Deguara et al., 2003). Intestinal enzymes are correlated with the nutritional status of fish, and their activities have been used as indicators of the digestive capacity of farmed fish (Alarcón et al., 1998). In fact fish are capable of modulating their digestive enzyme pattern in response to the feed source, quality and concentration of dietary nutrients (Santigosa et al., 2008).

The use of Scenedesmus meal to replace fishmeal protein did not decrease the enzyme activities secreted into the intestinal lumen at any of the inclusion levels tested, albeit increased activities attributable to algae inclusion have been observed. For trypsin activity, which plays a decisive role in dietary protein hydrolysis and zymogen activation, fish fed on SC12 showed significantly higher activity than those animals fed on a microalgae-free diet. In addition, alkaline phosphatase and L-aminopeptidase activities increased significantly in the SC20 group compared to the Control and SC39 groups (Fig 1). Nevertheless, total alkaline protease, chymotrypsin and α-amylase activities remained unaffected by Scenedesmus inclusion.
 
http://issuu.com/international_aquafeed/docs/iaf1501_w1/16
Zymograms carried out on intestinal extracts obtained after electrophoretic separation of proteins are shown in Fig 2. The profile of the intestinal proteases seems not to be influenced by the inclusion of Scenedesmus biomass, given that all the animals showed the same number and distribution of active fractions as control-fed fish, characterised by five groups of active bands.
Another important aspect to consider when using ingredients alternative to fishmeal is the presence of anti-nutritive factors that might interfere with nutrient digestion and absorption (Alarcón et al., 1999). Among the wide range of such factors, protease inhibitors are well known as substances that can affect dietary protein utilisation. In this study, neither Scenedesmus meal (unlikely other protein sources) nor experimental feeds contained substances able to inhibit the digestive proteases of gilthead sea bream juveniles, given that inhibition never reached more than 5 percent (data not shown).

Checking effects by histological study of the intestine
In addition to digestive enzyme activities, the structure and morphology of the intestinal mucosa play a key role in nutrient absorption. TEM analysis of anterior and posterior intestine (Fig. 3a and 3b, respectively) revealed that the inclusion of microalgae reduced microvilli length (ML), except for the SC20 group (with higher and similar ML values compared to those of the CT group in the anterior and posterior intestine, respectively) and the SC39 group (with similar and higher ML values compared to those of control fish in the anterior and posterior intestine, respectively), and that microvilli diameter in the anterior intestine was greater in Scenedesmus-fed fish. Thus, the overall effects of both results were increased absorptive surface and improved contribution of the intestinal mucosa as a physical barrier.

Conclusions
The inclusion of S. almeriensis increased the level of intestinal enzyme activities as well as the intestinal absorptive surface. Therefore, the combination of these effects, together with the lack of anti-nutritional factors, confirms that Scenedesmus biomass can be used as a dietary ingredient for juvenile sea bream diets, and furthermore, that an inclusion level of 20 percent is recommended according to the positive effects observed on gut functionality at such a ratio.

Read the magazine HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

16/02/2015: Decoding North Korea's fish and mushroom slogans

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North Korea has published 310 new patriotic slogans - so what do they say, what do they mean and what do they tell us about the leadership in Pyongyang, asks the BBC's Alison Gee?
 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-31446387

"Let this socialist country resound with Song of Big Fish Haul and be permeated with the fragrant smell of fish and other seafoods!

“Let the strong wind of fish farming blow across the country!

"Let us turn ours into a country of mushrooms by making mushroom cultivation scientific, intensive and industrialised!

"Make fruits cascade down and their sweet aroma fill the air on the sea of apple trees at the foot of Chol Pass!"

Is there a theme emerging here?

"A lot of this has to do with very practical things to do with the economy, especially food," says James Grayson, emeritus professor of modern Korean studies at Sheffield University.

"It's an indication of the absolutely dire state of the North Korean economy. You have this huge disparity between the select few living in the best parts of Pyongyang, who live very well - there are now examples of international businesses there, coffee shops and designer labels... - whereas other parts of the country are allowed to go to hell in a cart."

North Korea has suffered famine and malnutrition in the recent past and Grayson thinks these food-related slogans are a way of both recognising those problems and offering a solution.
 
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-31446387

Propaganda in the form of slogans, posters, stamps and books has played an important role in the country since the state was founded in 1948 so the appearance of a new batch of exhortations is not surprising.

"It's typical of most totalitarian states," says Grayson. 


"Some of this sort of thing you could have seen certainly in China during the Cultural Revolution and after the establishment of the Communist regime - and if you think of the Nazis and Italian fascism it's not an unusual thing... It's the strength and the quantity of the North Korean ones that is unusual."

Rousing slogans are also common when countries reach a defining point in their development - in the 1960s and 1970s when South Korea was beginning to modernise it too came up with catchy phrases.

Grayson remembers one that encouraged people there to "Destroy communism!" 


He was amused to find a calendar produced in the North with a very similar logo: "Destroy capitalism!"

Apart from increasing food production, the slogans urge North Koreans to defend their way of life and not bow to the influence of foreign enemies, such as Washington and Seoul.
 

http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/blogs-magazine-monitor-31446387

"Should the enemy dare to invade our country, annihilate them to the last man so that none of them will survive to sign the instrument of surrender!

"Let us build our country into the most powerful one in the world, into a people's fairyland, as wished by the great Comrades Kim Il Sung and Kim Jong Il!

"Let us raise a strong wind of studying the great Kimilsungism-Kimjongilism!"

So who comes up with these slogans? Probably a committee, says Grayson. 


"But you can assume that anything that is stressed like this has to have ultimate final approval from the man at the centre. It's quite possible that he said in some passing remark, 'We've got to do something about the food situation,' so somebody dreamed these up."



 

Read the full list of slogans HERE.


The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

16/02/2015: Budget cuts could lead to Wisconsin, US, aquaculture facility closure

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When you first enter the Northern Aquaculture Demonstration Facility (NADF) just off State Highway 13 on the Red Cliff Indian Reservation, the importance of what happens there isn’t immediately apparent, The Daily Press reports.

The large metal barn-like structure hums with high-volume pumps working, feeding cold water to any number of fibreglass tanks. It’s only when you peer into the net-covered tanks that you get inkling about what is going on.

http://www.ashlandwi.com/news/budget-cuts-could-lead-to-aquaculture-facility-closure/article_a888fe44-b3f1-11e4-a648-1b66ca1b9437.html?mode=jqm
In the tanks, huge Atlantic salmon cruise, brood stock for research work on developing a strain of the hugely popular food fish that can be farm-reared for an insatiable market. In other tanks, a battalion of moon-eyed walleye gather at the bottom of the tank, subjects of experiments to produce fish that can be profitably grown by Wisconsin fish farmers to supply all those Friday night fried fish.

That is at the heart of the work that has been done by the Facility since 2006 — finding ways to help the state’s emerging aquaculture industry to become profitable, producing a wholesome and nutritious product that is in high demand throughout the nation.

It is an effort that has met with a spectacular level of success. The centre is credited with helping to create more than 450 Wisconsin aquaculture jobs in the industry that boasts US$21 million in annual revenue.
 
The Centre’s expertise has been widely recognized in the industry; in the period 2006-2015 the Centre has attracted US$3.3 million in grants made by private industry, the federal government and others who recognize the groundbreaking work that is being done at the Facility.

The scope of the work being done by NADF touches on just about every aspect of developing aquaculture as a significant industry in Wisconsin: Developing sustainable Atlantic salmon rearing techniques, coming up with more cost-effective feeding techniques for growing bluegills for Black Iris Fish Farm in Black Creek and assisting Aquaterra of Bristol to develop production systems and Arctic char markets that serve Midwest consumers.

http://www.ashlandwi.com/news/budget-cuts-could-lead-to-aquaculture-facility-closure/article_a888fe44-b3f1-11e4-a648-1b66ca1b9437.html?mode=jqm
However, according to NADF Facility Manager Greg Fischer, the US$300 million in cuts to the University of Wisconsin means that annual funds of US$417,500 for the Facility provided through the University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point could be zeroed out.

“That would mean that the facility would have to close in July,” Mr Fischer said.

In a letter sent to friends of the Facility and stakeholders, Mr Fischer said if that happened, it would be the end of the Facility.

“Everyone employed by the UWSP-NADF will be laid off and all collaborative projects with our valued partners, even if in progress, will be terminated,” Mr Fischer said in the letter.

Mr Fischer said the elimination of the funding is difficult to understand, because none of the funds originate with taxpayer dollars.

“Our funding comes from tribal gaming revenues, not taxpayer dollars,” Mr Fischer said.

“It is important for people to understand that this is not taxpayer money.”

The gaming money, which flows through the state to UW-Stevens Point and ultimately to NADF, is just the beginning of the funds used by the facility.

“That is our base operating funding” Mr Fischer said. “We take that money and then we leverage it with grants and private money.”

Fischer emphasized the direct connection the Facility has with private industry, which partners with NADF on a variety of projects that are of direct benefit to Wisconsin businesses. He noted that it has been a long and painstaking effort to create NADF as an entity that nurtures the growth of an emerging industry, and one that has already shown great promise and a number of notable successes.

“All that will be gone if we have to shut down,” Mr Fischer said.

“I have already heard from people we have been working with who say they will not make the investment if we are shut down.”

http://www.ashlandwi.com/news/budget-cuts-could-lead-to-aquaculture-facility-closure/article_a888fe44-b3f1-11e4-a648-1b66ca1b9437.html?mode=jqmMr Fischer said the demise of NADF would send an entirely negative message to the aquaculture community.

“This is telling them that aquaculture is not wanted in this state,” he said. “It is a death sentence for aquaculture.”

One of the companies that has directly benefitted from NADF technology transfer is Miracle Springs, Inc, which is seeking ways to raise Atlantic salmon in a closed, sustainable system that does not cause water pollution or create the potential for he spread of fish disease.

Atlantic salmon is a highly sought-after fish, but so expensive that it is almost unattainable for most consumers. Another is Aquaterra, which came to NADF with a proposal to develop methods of producing Arctic char as a profitable high-end product.

“We have been partnering with Aquaterra for about five years and they have taken the technology from us and they are now farming them at their facility and they are hiring Stevens Point graduates to run it,” Fischer said.

“A lot of those graduates are kids who have spent time here, as interns.”

That process will come to an abrupt end if the Governor’s proposed cuts are allowed to stand.

““The Northern Aquaculture Demonstration Facility will shut down and close its doors on July 1, 2015,” Fischer said.

“We are all out of jobs.”

http://www.ashlandwi.com/news/budget-cuts-could-lead-to-aquaculture-facility-closure/article_a888fe44-b3f1-11e4-a648-1b66ca1b9437.html?mode=jqmMr Fischer said that NADF was one of many programs that were zeroed out in the budget.

“Of course for us it means the end of the line,” he said.
 
Mr Fisher said he doubted that there was any animosity against the program itself.

“I think if the Governor knew the work that we did here and knew us personally,” he said.

“I don‘t think we’d be on that docket. I think probably a bean counter somewhere has crossed out these things. If you look at the track record of this place for the money coming into this place, this is a good deal for the state to have.”

Fischer pointed out that for the US$400,000 investment, the Demonstration Facility doubled the money through grants, pulling in private outside money from concerns who could see the value to their businesses in what the Facility did to turn aquaculture concepts into production-scaled techniques that were immediately adaptable to commercial operations.

“We are building industry,” he said.

“We are training people, giving them jobs. If you look at what they get for that US$417,000, there is not a program in the state that can compare to that. We are the only one in the Midwest that does what we do.”

Mr Fischer said since the news broke about the proposed elimination of funding, he has been deluged by callers who support the Facility.

“They are asking what they need to do,” he said.

Fischer said that was easy to answer. He said that supporters needed to contact their legislators and UW-System leaders to let them know how the Facility helps the 2300 fish farms that make up the US$21 million aquaculture industry in the state.

“Unless voices are heard, NADF will close,” he said.

Read the article HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

16/02/2015: Top Gear's Jeremy Clarkson claims Whitby, UK, has world's best fish and chips - but is Cleethorpes better?

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TOP Gear presenter Jeremy Clarkson may have inadvertently started a storm of controversy even bigger than the Argentina 'plategate' scandal after he claimed Whitby, and not Cleethorpes, was home to the best fish and chips … in the world, The Grimsby Telegraph reports.

Clarkson visited the North Yorkshire fishing town in last night’s Top Gear while he was testing the BMW i8 and said the main reason for the trip was because of his love for Whitby's seafood offerings.
 

http://www.grimsbytelegraph.co.uk/Gear-s-Jeremy-Clarkson-claims-Whitby-world-s-best/story-26032460-detail/story.html

Reopening the age-old Yorkshire v Lincolnshire fish and chip debate is unquestionably timely with the annual Chip Week getting underway today.

Whitby certainly has a strong case to assume the throne. For instance, its famous Magpie Cafe has won numerous awards and was cited by celebrity chef Rick Stein as being the one which “opened my eyes to how good a chip shop could be” before he set up his own chippy in Padstow, Cornwall.

Of course, Magpie Cafe isn’t the only much-loved restaurant in the town with a whole host of chippies including Mister Chips – once described as “beyond belief brilliant” by Clarkson - held in very high regard by visitors.

But do they compete with what Cleethorpes and the rest of North East Lincolnshire have to offer?


Read more HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

Dinnissen company profile

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http://www.dinnissen.nl/

With over 150 permanent employees and an extensive network of agents all over the world, Dinnissen is a global player in the feed, food, pharma and chemical sectors. We are always looking for new and innovative solutions for complete processes, system integrations or standard products – many of which we develop, test and produce in-house!

Visit the website HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

17/02/2015: Worker, 22, was crushed to death by boxes of fish at UK firm

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A foreign worker was crushed to death by boxes of frozen fish in a tragic accident, an inquest has heard.

A stack of pallets toppled over and fell on Tomas Suchy as he and his colleagues at Interfish Ltd worked in a cold store room in temperatures of -25C, The Plymouth Herald reports.

A jury at the inquest into his death in Plymouth, UK, yesterday found the 22-year-old, who had come to the UK from Slovakia to work, died as the result of an accident.

The inquest heard how Interfish had made a raft of changes to its health and safety policy following the incident on October 18, 2013.
 

http://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/Worker-22-crushed-death-boxes-fish-Plymouth-firm/story-26034586-detail/story.html

Before the incident, Mr Suchy had been asked to help stack boxes of fish that had fallen over earlier on in the day, along with three other co-workers. But when their job was nearly complete, a stack of pallets used for storing the fish “toppled” over onto him.

Mr Suchy died “instantaneously”, the inquest was told, while another labourer was also hurt.

Dr Amanda Jeffery, a home office forensic pathologist, said: “He had catastrophic head injuries and there was nothing anyone could have done to save him.”

Mr Suchy, who had studied architecture at university, also had a number of other fatal injuries. Several of his co-workers struggled to fight back tears while giving evidence.

Robert Lajeckl, who had worked at Interfish for a year prior to the accident, said he had first met Mr Suchy on the train to Plymouth.

Mr Lajeckl said: “We had nearly finished the work and then suddenly [a co-worker] was shouting ‘run away’. The whole wall just fell over.”

The court heard that a number of health and safety procedures were not in place.

Emma O’Hara, a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) inspector, said: “The boxes were stacked excessively high. Some of the stacks looked unstable and were leaning into one another. Some had not been placed directly on the one below and one stack was balanced on only two boxes of fish that weren’t palletised. There were a number of damaged boxes and pallets.

“There was no safe system of work or instruction to staff. Safe stacking relied on [experienced] staff working in the area. There was no robust monitoring in the area.”

Tony Reid, who was a forklift driver working on the day on the accident, said he had been injured in a previous, similar incident. He has since left Interfish and now works at Princess Yachts. Mr Reid told the inquest how they started work at 6am and at that point the pallets were already in “pretty bad condition”.

The inquest heard how Mr Reid had previously sustained a shoulder injury from falling boxes at Interfish in a separate incident.

“I told my manager ‘it is dangerous’,” Mr Reid said.

“He said ‘do the best you can’ and to ‘carry on’.”

After Mr Suchy’s death the food processing company was handed four prohibition notices and one improvement notice by the HSE. They complied with each and introduced a range of measures to ensure a similar incident does not happen again.

“Everything the company was asked to do was done,” said their legal representative.

Read the article HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

17/02/2015: Illegal shrimp ponds in Bharuch: 7 more held

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The sleuths of the local crime branch (LCB) of Bharuch district, on Monday, arrested seven persons for allegedly running illegal shrimp farms in Aliya Bet at Kaladara village, The Indian Express reports.

With this, those arrested in connection with the January 14 riots at Hansot village has gone up to nine, police said.

Police have also recovered water pumps from them which was used to draw water from the Narmada river to their alleged illegal shrimp ponds.
 
http://indianexpress.com/article/cities/ahmedabad/illegal-shrimp-ponds-in-bharuch-7-more-held/
Demolishing illegal shrimp farms

The arrested accused have been identified as as Kiran Patel, Dharmesh Kharwa, Ritesh Patel, Nainesh Kharwa, Hitesh Morkar, Jitendra Patel and Nimesh Morker, all residents of Surat city and native of Morbhagwa village in Olpad taluka of Surat district.

Illegal shrimp farming in Aliya Bet region is the ‘root cause’ of frequent communal clashes in and around Hansot and Ambheta villages. Three persons were killed and many commercial outlets, residences and agriculture fields were damaged by the rioters on January 14, police said.

Following the communal clashes, Bharuch district collector ordered a survey on the shrimp ponds thriving on encroached government lands. During the survey, the officials had found over 1300 illegal shrimp ponds on the Revenue Survey No 1 land at Kaladhara village. With the help of police, the district administration started demolishing 1300 illegal shrimp ponds. And also cracked down on some notorious persons collecting protection money from shrimp farm owners.

In all four police complaints were lodged with the Dahej Marine Police Station by the officials of Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB), Fisheries Department, Mines & Minerals Department and Revenue Department in this regard.

Bharuch District Superintendent of Police, Bipin Ahire, had transferred the investigation of these cases to the LCB. And recently, LCB officials had arrested two persons — Rahul Bhagwakar and Nilesh Patel — residents of Morbhagwa village of Olpad taluka for allegedly running 28 illegal shrimp ponds in Aliya Bet region of Kaladhara village.

Bharuch LCB police inspector V R Malhotra said, “Till now, we have arrested nine persons in connection with the shrimp ponds. There are many more (illegal) ponds in the area. After interrogating the arrested persons, we will make further arrests in this connection.”


Read the article HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
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For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

17/02/2015: Maine, USA, fishery managers look to explain shrimp stock collapse

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https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/02/16/fishery-managers-look-explain-shrimp-stock-collapse/iYxulrlwAY5GtgZutDjHpM/story.html

Fishery managers are using trawlers and trappers to collect data to better understand the future prospects of the Gulf of Maine’s collapsed shrimp population, The Boston Globe reports

Regulators say the data will help track size, gender, development of the shrimp and timing of egg hatch.

The Maine Department of Marine Resources is paying four trawlers US$500 per trip and allowing them to sell up to 1800 pounds of shrimp per trip. It is also allowing five trappers to keep up to 100 pounds of shrimp per week for personal use. Maine’s shrimp fishery is in its second year of closure.

Fishermen landed nearly 5 million pounds of shrimp in 2012 before the fishery collapsed to 563,000 pounds in 2013. Regulators say the decline is linked to environmental factors such as warming ocean temperatures.


Read the article HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

Extru-Tech® company profile

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http://extru-techinc.com/
Founded in 1985, Extru-Tech® has installed numerous extrusion systems worldwide designed for the production of human food, pet food, aquatic feed and animal feed products. Extru-Tech® also maintains the reputation of supplying the extrusion industry with superior quality replacement parts.

Extru-Tech® currently produces and markets one of the industry's most complete lines of extrusion processing systems. In addition, they offer a full line of ancillary equipment and customized equipment solutions for specialized processes
 

Visit the website HERE.




















The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
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17/02/2015: Soluble phosphorus in salmon feed: Suitable as a measure of available phosphorus?

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by Sissel Albrektsen, senior scientist Nofima

First published in International Aquafeed, January - February 2015.


Phosphorus (P) is an essential mineral that has to be added to salmon feed to achieve normal growth and skeletal development. P from marine ingredients, plant protein and crystalline P salts provide respectively 46, 30 and 24 percent of dietary P in Norwegian salmon feeds. Hence, fishmeal is an important P-source, even though the level of fishmeal in the feed has dropped significantly from 64 percent in 1990 to 20 percent in 2012 (Ytrestoyl et al., 2014). About 40 percent of P in the fishmeal originates from the bones, and is present as calcium (Ca)-phosphate salts in hydroxyapatite. P in hydroxyapatite has low solubility and is poorly available to salmon.
 

http://issuu.com/international_aquafeed/docs/iaf1501_w1/18
The digestibility of P in different fishmeal reflects this and further shows great variation (20 – 60 percent), depending on the fish raw material and seasonal variations. No reliable direct measure of available P exists, and this makes it difficult to know how much available P is present in any given fish feed. In this article we will focus on the possibility of using a new method on soluble P as a measure of available P in ingredients and feeds, and what opportunity this gives to ensure better control of available P in the feeds.

Industrial fish that traditionally has been used as raw material for fishmeal production, such as herring in the Nordic countries, is today used for consumption. As a consequence, an increasing amount of fishery byproducts is used as raw material for fishmeal production. The global by-product material used for fishmeal and fish-oil production has been rising by 1–2 percent year−1, and represented 25 percent of world production in 2010 (Shepherd and Jackson, 2013).

In Norway, fishery byproducts accounted for 30 percent of the raw material in fishmeal in 2013 (Ytrestoyl et al., 2014). Fishery byproducts contribute with high content of total P from the fish bones, while at the same time, the percentage of P that is available for the salmon is actually reduced compared with a traditional fish meal produced without trimmings.

Fig. 1 shows total P and soluble P in herring meal produced with different levels of trimmings from herring, and other fish meals produced from blue whiting and capelin and also from Antarctic krill. High inclusion levels of trimmings reduce the proportion of soluble P from 61 to 35 percent of total P, which means that the level of soluble P is reduced despite an increase in total P. The analysis of total P tells little about the proportion of P that is available for the salmon, i.e. how much of P that is present as free phosphates, and thereby available for digestion.

The amount of trimmings used in global fishmeal production varies greatly, from 0 to 100 percent, which increases the unpredictability with respect to how much of dietary P that is available. In some commercial smolt feeds, total P ranged from 0.7 to 1.77 percent, soluble P from 0.36 to 0.7 percent and the proportion of soluble P from 31 to 70 percent of total P.

The plant ingredients used in fish feed today contain 60-80 percent phytic acid. Phytic acid contains P (phytate-P) but many fish species, including salmon, has no or little phytase activity and cannot utilise this P source. Phytic acid also acts as an anti-nutrient by inhibiting the absorption of available P and other minerals by forming poorly soluble mineral complex in the intestine. Nofima has analysed total P and soluble P in many plant proteins (Fig. 2), and the main finding is that most of the total P in plant proteins will be analysed as soluble P. The analytical method for soluble P apparently cannot distinguish between phytate-P and other soluble forms of P in plant proteins.
 

http://issuu.com/international_aquafeed/docs/iaf1501_w1/18
Total P and the proportion of phytate P and other P-components are known and quite stable for most plant ingredients. By analysing soluble P in the plant ingredient, it is easy to correct for the proportion of P that is present as phytate-P, an approach that is also applied in the aquafeed industry today. Overall, the method will give much more reliable measures of available P in salmon feeds and feed ingredients compared to the current total P analysis.

The P requirement is affected by a variety of biological and environmental factors, and it can vary with life stage and growth rate of fish, diet composition and temperature. When available P in the diet is low, the fish will regulate this by increasing the P uptake in the intestine, reduce the excretion of P in the kidney, and mobilise P from the skeleton to cover vital functions in other parts of the body.

Sustained demineralisation of the bones over a long period will weaken the skeleton and eventually cause deformity. In fast-growing Atlantic salmon fed 0.3, 0.5 and 0.7 percent soluble P in the diet following seawater transfer, the fish developed 30, 15 and 0 percent deformity in the lower jaw bone concomitant with increased mineral content of the spinal bones within a feeding period of only 12 weeks.

In another smolt trial with similar size fish, reduced mineralisation was found in fish fed 0.5 percent soluble P in the diet compared to fish fed 0.7 percent soluble P, while no sign of external deformity was observed. This illustrates the risk of feeding slightly sub-optimal P (0.5 percent soluble P in the diet), it is cost effective and environmentally friendly, but may occasionally affect fish welfare due to variation in the fish material, growth rate, feed or the environmental conditions which is not easy to control.
 
http://issuu.com/international_aquafeed/docs/iaf1501_w1/18
The digestibility of P depends on dietary P level, irrespective of measuring total P or soluble P in the feeds. In salmon fed diets with different P contents, the digestibility of total P varied between 30 and 50 percent (Fig. 3a), while the digestibility of soluble P in the same feeds were higher and varied between 60 and 80 percent (Fig. 3b). Other trials have shown that the digestibility of soluble P in the feed can be as high as 90 percent in salmon, indicating a very efficient digestion of soluble P.

The amount of dietary P that is retained (deposited) in the body is about 30 percent, which means that about 70 percent of dietary P will be released to the environment. As this is a major global concern, dietary P is usually added close to or slightly below the requirement in order to obtain maximum P utilisation and minimum P load to the environment, as well as to keep the cost as low as possible. This is a reasonable strategy, but requires better feed control with available P than is realistic to achieve today by analysing dietary total P.

The new method distinguishes between insoluble and soluble P, which is to be seen as indigestible P and digestible P, respectively. It does not only distinguish between the P in hydroxyapatite and other P-forms, but can also be used to distinguish between P from inorganic salts with different solubility, which is the main criterion for P absorption. Mono-Ca-P salt was found to contain about 65 percent soluble P, while mono-Na-P salt contained more, about 94 percent soluble P, demonstrating that the mono Na-P salt contain higher levels of available P than mono Ca-P despite similar levels of total P. Inorganic mono-salts of P will also be more soluble than di-salts of P and this will contribute to different P digestibility and thus different availability of P from the feed.

Nofima has conducted experiments that indicate that feed that contain 0.7 percent soluble P provide adequate P in salmon at the smolt stage, while a higher dietary P content of 0.8 percent soluble P is required in Atlantic salmon fry during early start feeding. More research is needed to understand the potential for using dietary soluble P when analysing commercial high plant protein diets with variable phytate levels, although it is possible to correct for this. The soluble P method has been developed and validated by Nofima and found to have high accuracy, resembling the analytical method for total P (Hovde, 2013).


Read the magazine HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
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For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

19/02/2015: Fusion Marine secures new orders from Cooke Aquaculture Scotland

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Fusion Marine has won major salmon pen orders worth in excess of £1.25m from Cooke Aquaculture Scotland for farm sites in Orkney and Shetland, the Scotland Food and Drink website reports.

These latest orders are part of Cooke Aquaculture’s rolling programme of fish farm upgrades that will help sustain the economic development of the Northern Isles and support local jobs.

http://www.scotlandfoodanddrink.org/news/article-info/5688/fusion-marine-secures-new-orders-from-cooke-aquaculture-scotland.aspx

The orders for 18 Triton pens for sites in Shetland and 12 Oceanflex pens for Orkney will provide the company with the latest containment systems and help future-proof their farm operations.

Colin Blair, managing director of Cooke Aquaculture Scotland, said: “The Triton and Oceanflex pens are renowned for their strength, excellence of design and easy maintenance. We are especially delighted to have placed these orders with a Scottish company so as to maximise economic benefit.”

He added: “Secure containment is our highest priority and these pens have been ordered with this very much in mind.”

Manufactured from tough polyethylene (PE), Oceanflex pens are widely used by the Scottish salmon farming sector, while the Triton system is especially designed for exposed offshore locations. Both pen systems will be supplied with safety decking and other ancillary equipment.

Iain Forbes of Argyll-based Fusion Marine said: “These pens are manufactured using the latest cutting-edge technology and are designed to meet the demanding requirements of the Scottish salmon industry where stock security is of utmost importance.

“This order from Cooke Aquaculture underlines our close working relationship with the Scottish aquaculture sector and will help support local jobs by creating business for a number of downstream suppliers.”

Read the article HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
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For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

19/02/2015: Indonesia is sinking illegal fishing boats — but may be killing fish in the process

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For the last few months Indonesia has been making a show of dramatically blowing up and sinking fishing boats from Vietnam that were illegally fishing in its waters. The crackdown has fueled the popularity of maritime affairs minister Susi Pudjiastuti, but environmentalists are not happy about the explosions, which could potentially cause major oil leaks and otherwise damage sensitive marine habitats, Quartz reports.

Though the government has been scuttling such vessels for years, the latest campaign started in December, when newly-elected president Joko Widodo’s government invited media to watch it launch explosives at three Vietnamese ships that had been caught fishing in its territorial waters. Numerous sinkings followed, including a Vietnamese vessel on February 10.

http://qz.com/346846/indonesia-is-sinking-illegal-fishing-boats-in-dramatic-fashion-and-may-be-killing-fish-in-the-process/

“Camera crews filmed the boats going under in clouds of black smoke, against the backdrop of picturesque islands,” the Wall Street Journal reported in December. And it’s the presence of the black smoke—indicating burning oil— that worries some environmentalists, along with other disruptions to those very same picturesque islands.

“The use of explosives to sink the boat disturbs and threatens the fish near the location of the explosion—in a way, it has the same effect as using dynamite to catch fish,” Greenpeace campaigner Arifsyah Nasution told the Jakarta Globe. In addition, she said, debris from the boats turns into floating garbage.

The Globe reported that there was “no indication that the Navy properly cleans out the vessels of their highly polluting diesel and bunker oil before sinking them.”

The government has stubbornly persisted with its campaign, due in part to the positive attention it has received from foreign media outlets. Last week the Guardian said the latest sinking “reflects one of the biggest success stories in marine conservation,” citing efforts in the protected area near the Raja Ampat islands, off West Papua. To be fair, most of that enforcement has taken the form of seizing, not sinking, violators’ vessels.

http://qz.com/346846/indonesia-is-sinking-illegal-fishing-boats-in-dramatic-fashion-and-may-be-killing-fish-in-the-process/

The sinkings have also been a boon to the popularity of Susi, the Indonesian maritime minister, who this month earned a cabinet-best approval rating of 61 percent. She claimed in January that the sinking campaign has led to a 90 percent reduction in illegal vessels operating in Indonesia’s waters. And Widodo has said Indonesia was left with little choice but to take a hard line, as more than 5000 illegal vessels operated in the country’s waters every day prior to the crackdown.

The environmentalists are not asking the government to stop its crackdown, and haven’t even called for an end to the sinking of illegal ships. But they want to see it employ greener practices, including draining the ships of fuel oil and other pollutants, and sinking them in water deeper than 40 meters, to avoid harming coral.

The end result may not make for such a dramatic media event, but the fish will probably appreciate the effort.

Read the article HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
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For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

19/02/2015: Fish dumping investigated off Auckland coast

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A trawler which accidentally dumped a large amount of gurnard into the Tasman Sea off Auckland's west coast is unlikely to be prosecuted, industry sources say, New Zealand's Stuff website reports.

The unnamed vessel has reported the dumping of small and juvenile red gurnard to the Ministry for Primary Industries, which has begun an investigation.

By reporting the accident the company can avoid prosecution but will have to pay a penalty on the deemed value of the fish sent overboard.

Stuff could not reach the company which operates the trawler suspected of being involved in the incident.
 

http://www.stuff.co.nz/national/66395508/fish-dumping-investigated-off-auckland-coast

Auckland's biggest fishing company, Sanford, says the dump is not related to their operations.

Labour MP Rino Tirikatene claims MPI has pulled its fisheries officers off normal duties to work on the Queensland fruit fly incident in Auckland.

He said the Government needed to step up its enforcement of "flagrant violators of our inshore fishery."

"Instead of hunting fruit flies they should be doing their job. Sound fisheries management is vital."

Fisherman Kerren Packer yesterday filmed the find 50 kilometres off Piha and running into Karekare Beach.

None of the fish filmed appear to be mature or adult fish.

"As far as the eye can see," Packer said.

"Prime eating gurnard mixed in with juveniles….

"This is a complete and utter waste, absolute waste."

He claimed fish dumping was happening every day and said he would name who he believed was responsible.

"This is happening everyday in New Zealand," he said.

"This is not the result of the quotas… this is exactly what quotas are designed to do. It is not designed to protect fish, it is designed to make profits."

He said yesterday there were acres and acres of quota fish dumped across the Tasman "out of sight, out of mind".

"How can this be sustainable?" he asked.

A spokeswoman for Sanford said they had two vessels fishing on the West Coast and both vessels berthed at Onehunga on Monday night and sailed today.

On their last trips San Rakaia had an MPI observer on board.

San Hikurangi fished well north of the area where the fish were reportedly found.

"Both vessel have tracking systems on board so their actual positions are recorded and can be verified by MPI," she said.

"Sanford also has plenty of quota to cover all catch of quota species and Sanford has a policy to pay its fishermen for all fish landed so there is no incentive for them to discard any fish."

Earlier in the day MPI chief operations officer Andrew Coleman said  the large amount of dead fish could have a number of explanations.

"It could be a phytoplankton bloom or there could be a virus in the fish, or it could be dumping," he said.

MPI would try to sample the dead fish.

The Fisheries Act outlaws dumping of fish by quota-holders.

"No commercial fisher shall return to or abandon in the sea or any other waters any fish, aquatic life, or seaweed of legal size, or for which no legal size is set, that is subject to the quota management system," the act says.

Throwing undersized gurnard overboard is illegal, with fines up to $250,000.

The area of the incident is in the Gurnard Auckland (GUR1) quota area. Last year 1.005 million kilogrammes of gurnard were caught out of a total allowable commercial catch of 2.2 million kilogrammes.

Forest and Bird have concerns around gurnard fishing, especially on the west coast, because of the presence Hector's or Maui's dolphins.


Read the article HERE.

The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

Jefo company profile

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http://jefo.com/
Jefo is a world leader in the field of non-medicated performance feed additives for the poultry, swine, ruminant and aquaculture sectors. Founded in Canada in 1982, today Jefo has offices on 5 continents, and specializes in the design, manufacturing, warehousing and JIT-distribution of an array of animal nutrition specialty products.

Jefo is a pioneer in the green revolution taking place in animal nutrition. Our commitment is to providing effective alternatives for optimal performances in animal nutrition.


The Europe / Africa division of Jefo was created in 1998 and is headquartered in Nantes, France. We market a line of original products including vitamins, enzymes, organic acids and essential oils.


Visit the website HERE.














The Aquaculturists
This blog is maintained by The Aquaculturists staff and is supported by the
magazine International Aquafeed which is published by
Perendale Publishers Ltd

For additional daily news from aquaculture around the world: aquaculture-news

19/02/2015: Extruded feed for warm water finfish and shrimp

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by Prof Mohammed Y Al-Saiady


First published in International Aquafeed, January – February 2015

 
Extrusion is a cooking process that typically uses high temperature and high pressure for a short period of time. The first extruder was developed in the 1930s for pasta; extrusion was later modified for the production of pet food and fish feeds as well as human foods like snacks, breakfast cereals and sweets. The extrusion process begins with preconditioning the meal using steam and water to form a hot, moist mash.

The process has the flexibility to produce diets with a wide range of fat levels, densities, shapes and sizes.  It also has the capability to produce floating, semi-sinking and sinking pellets for shrimp and pelagic fish. Extrusion has been used to manufacture shrimp feed since the early 1970s, but not widely adopted due to a persistent tendency for expansion in extruded feeds, which leads to undesirable flotation.
 

http://issuu.com/international_aquafeed/docs/iaf1501_w1/22

Expansion is exacerbated by the use of smaller die openings. To minimise flotation, feed manufacturers were forced to limit inclusion levels of starch, which tended to increase raw material costs. These constraints have been virtually eliminated through recent advances in extrusion technology, such as adjustments in screw design and speed, changes in die configuration and vacuum venting of the extruder barrel.  It is now possible to produce 100 percent sinking extruded shrimp feeds with densities equivalent to those of pelleted feeds.

Extruded feed has the advantage of reducing raw material expenses, achieved by the substitution of high levels of wheat flour with lower levels of less expensive starch. This is possible due to the high moisture, temperature and pressure within extruders, which lead to nearly complete gelatinisation of a wide range of starches.

Extruded feeds utilise relatively high levels of moisture, which can be added in the form of flavors and palatability enhancers such as fish, dried solubles and flavorful enzymatic digests of seafood waste. This offers the potential to produce a new generation of highly palatable shrimp feeds without reliance on expensive marine protein such as squid meal and krill meal.

The rate of swelling of extruded feeds can also be manipulated to deliver feeds of varying ‘softness’. The swelling is a function of starch fragmentation, also known as dextrinisaton, which can be controlled by the degree of shear exerted by the extruder screw.

The 1995 study Physiochemical properties of extruded pelleted shrimp feeds with various wheat flours conducted by GH Ryu and coauthors at Kansas state university in Kansas, USA showed an 89 percent correlation between the extent of starch gelatinisation and the water stability of 10 Asian shrimp feeds. Other studies on conventional single-pelleted feeds for terrestrial animals reported that only about 20 percent of the starch is gelatinised. This explains why typical poultry feed disintegrates in water within minutes of immersion.

In addition, pelleting systems for shrimp feed use advanced manufacturing techniques such as fine grinding of raw materials, multiple steam conditioners, higher moisture levels, pelleting dies with higher compression ratios, post-pelleted conditioning and drying. These techniques increase the starch gelatinisation levels of extruded shrimp feeds to 80 – 95 percent compared with conventional pelleted shrimp feeds.

In a 12-week study in 2000, Albert Tacon and co-workers at the Oceanic Institute in Hawaii, USA compared single feed formulation in pelleted or extruded forms and two different sizes; results reported in February 2003 showed higher shrimp survival and weight gain and greater feed efficiency from extruded feed.

These results are being validated on a commercial scale in Korea, Malaysia and Brazil. Compensation for the vitamin losses thought to be slightly higher in extrusion than in pelleting can be easily accomplished by slight fortification of premixes.

Finally, recent developments in extrusion processing allow the production of sophisticated 100 percent sinking diets with lower cost and better performance than conventional pelleted feeds.  Its advantages are expected to become more apparent, since the additional benefits of higher liquid addition, greater control of swelling and greater pasteurisation further contribute to higher performance.


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